The one from the Golf is probably from an ecodiesel engine. The eco's had the turbo, but didn't have the LDA (boost / fuel compensation device) on the pump. Essentially, the boost made emissions better, but didn't increase power much since the fueling wasn't increased at the same time.
You can intercool any turbo engine that you want... that shouldn't make a difference, but to take advantage of the increased power possible from a TD, you should try to keep the LDA (the thing that looks like a flying saucer on top of the pump). From what I've heard, you can switch that part onto an eco pump, but I'm not sure how... I've never done it.