With a VNT on mine, the vanes were looking pitted and slightly melted from long runs at 1400, though I don't know how much was also from piston pieces finding their way in. The valves didn't look bad however, so I think the turbo is the main factor. Although there is the question about why the piston broke. It could be that the head was hot enough that the pre-chamber became loose and hit it, or maybe just piston slop from the sandblasted bores allowed the piston to start hitting and loosening it. I try to stay under 1300 now though, even though it's a TDI with no pre-chambers.