a few bubbles in the expansion tank isn't serious. my old car did that and was fine. its from the small line going to the tank, it pours right in and creates a couple of bubbles. if its building pressure very quickly from a cold start, then its a blown head gasket. looks like you also need a new expansion tank cap as the one you had before wasn't releasing the pressure early enough. this is to prevent damage to hoses and other parts like the heater core

and you want to protect that heater core

. i believe there was even some kind of recall, or new part because of all the old ones failing. something about a blue expansion tank cap???
if your radiator is getting hot, then i doubt its a stuck t-stat, although they sometimes can flow a little coolant, but not enough. to limp it home i would suggest looking for a coolant temp gauge to tee in somewhere, as it will be your first line of defense. you can use the heater to help reduce the temp if needed. but because your car only overheated after coming to a stop, i feel that your t-stat is opening properly and the rad is doing its job.
so if you can't install a coolant temp gauge, then make it a habit to make sure the rad fan is coming on if you stop, or if not turn on the heater blower to max on heat. i had to do this once on a hot day, maybe not as hot as you though... but i survived

i also used a product called tow cool. it says its compatible with regular coolant so i poured it in. immediately i saw stabilization of my temps and they wouldn't rise as much if i was going uphill.
hope you have a safe trip home!
edit: you probably already know this, but make sure to keep lots of water in the car

if you use tap water or anything other than distilled/reverse osmosis, then be sure to use a rad flush in the future.