maybe caused by insulation breakdown,,,,marginal insulation,,,then the windings and stuff get wet,,zap,its shorted,,could be a diode acting up too, after geting all wet inside,,,,but isee this on generators,,ive had a few that sat outside for a long time,,no output onstartup,,we used to send themto a motor shop,,theywould bake it in an oven to remove moisture then checkfor shorts,,,,,it can happen,,but something in your alt may have crapped out,,,im thinkin regulator or diode,