Let me give another data point that the oil control rings can go bad, causing excessive oil consumption, while the compresson rings can still be working fine.
I had an oil consumption issue on the 1.6 VNTD Rabbit (the turbo had nothing to do with it by the way, as this problem had been developing and was present long before the turbo). The car always started right up in the cold and ran great, had no sign of weak compression, but was consuming a quart here and there which would have been quite expensive on the synthetic which IMO every turbo application should use. I did some tests to make sure it all wasn't going out the crankcase vent... there was in fact very little oil getting out that way, so it wasn't excessive blowby. There was also often a blueish oily smoke color out the exhaust. The smoking did not go away after fixing a loose timing belt I found during turbo installation, rebuilding fuel injectors, swapping to a different turbo-diesel fuel injection pump, and adding the turbo, so that pretty much ruled out the smoking being a possible diesel injection problem.
DieselsRcool helped me change out the valve stem seals... it did not cure the problem. Then mostly on his suggestion, I changed the rings and dingleberry-honed the cylinder walls. The re-ring completely solved the oil consumption issue... The exhaust is now totally clean, and the oil sump level stays almost rock solid now!
I should mention that the engine was rebuilt at one point long time before from the previous owner, so it didn't have the OEM rings.