The person who helped me install the glow plugs seems to think it is a fuel pump problem, but when I bled the lines by loosening the fuel lines into injectors, fuel sprayed out, so fuel is making it that far at least... not sure if that proves the pump is working properly though.
All that really proves is that the pump is still capable of pumping fuel. Timing and metering still need to be accounted for, as well as proper pressures.
When you say the drive belt is loose, are you refering to the timing belt? If so it's suppose to be semi loose. You should be able to turn it 45 degrees before feeling a sharp increase in resistance. I know it isn't the most accurate way to measure the tension. If you over tighten it you risk premature bearing wear, usually in the pump or also the possibilty of snapping the belt. My friend broke his brand new timing belt in 5 minutes because he overtightened it. Luckily it was a gasser and non interference.
If the lights are dimming you probably have some electrical issues but it is a good indication that at least the majority of the plugs are working.
The glows plugs will not effect driving preformance of the engine in any way once it is partially warmed up. On the 1.6s they are strictly a starting aid.
If the fuel pump is original it certainly could be suspect, however since this all occured after a fuel fitler change, as mentioned above, was it prefilled? Also, when the car is running do you see air bubbles being drawn into the pump?