At 0 volt the fuel come from the governor shaft, it pass in the tube, like as you said, and bleed some pressure inside the pump, but, on the front of the timing piston it have a hole wich return on the aspiration side of the feed pump, that does not affect the operation of the timing piston.
At 12volt, the fuel do not pass in the tube, what allows a higher pressure in the pump, therefore it have more timing.
12volt or full throttle = the same result, at full throttle the governoe shaft is blocked and the fuel do not pass in the tube.
On the pump without this device, it have a hole directly under the governor shaft which bleed internal pressure towards the aspiration side of the feed pump.
On AAZ engine, when I plug the voltmeter on the device wire, 12 volt is applied when the RPM arrive at 2800.
Another test, when I put a ''ON/OFF'' switch on the device, and if I place the switch a ''ON'' 12V from the battery while I drive gently, I hears clearly the engine become noisier and slightly more powerful.